This publication “Western philosophy from its origins to the present day. Antiquity and the Middle Ages" is a translation of the first book of a three-volume Italian edition. It summarizes the results of research by European historians of philosophy. The publication is of a control and educational nature and includes fragments of texts by thinkers of various eras, reference materials, biographies, a chronological table, and a name index. Intended for students, graduate students, teachers of universities and lyceums, as well as for everyone independently studying the history of the development of scientific and philosophical ideas.