The author uses new archival material to highlight Peter’s campaign of 1722-1723. to the Western Caspian and Caucasus (the territory of present-day Dagestan and Azerbaijan), which led, among other things, to the conquest of Northern Iran. Not only military actions, but also the subsequent fate of the expeditionary force, as well as Russia's policy in this region until the end of the 18th century, became the subject of in-depth research.