The book by the outstanding Polish logician and philosopher Jan Łukasiewicz (1878-1956), published in 1910, attracted so much attention by the end of the 20th century that it began to be translated into many European languages. Now it’s the turn of the Russian edition. This book is the first in the world to thoroughly criticize the principle of contradiction defended by Aristotle in Metaphysics. This edition includes four articles by Lukasiewicz and among them a new translation of the famous article “On Determinism.” The book also contains a biography of Jan Łukasiewicz and an introductory article showing Łukasiewicz's torturous internal struggle with his proposed revolution in logic.