"Essay on the Principle of Fertility" by Thomas Robert Malthus is one of the key works in the field of demography and economics. In this book, the author examines the laws of population growth and its interaction with available resources. Malthus states that the potential growth of the population is faster than the increase in food resources, which can lead to a crisis. He formulated the theory that humanity is doomed to constant poverty and misery due to limited resources. Malthus's book caused a wide resonance in the world of science and politics, leaving a lasting mark in discussions about the prospects for the development of society.