"Mutual Aid: The Factor of Evolution" is an outstanding work of Pyotr Kropotkin, a Russian anarchist and scientist, dedicated to the study of the phenomena of mutual aid in nature and society. The author expresses the thesis that mutual help and cooperation, and not the struggle for existence, are the key factors of evolution not only in human society, but also in the entire living world. Kropotkin explores natural and historical examples of mutual aid, revealing their significance for the development of life on the planet. This book is not only a scientific work on evolutionary biology, but also an important philosophical work that encourages readers to rethink their understanding of the nature of competition and coexistence. "Mutual Aid: The Factor of Evolution" keeps its ideas relevant even today, helping to understand the true essence of interaction in the modern world."