The book "Human Inheritance and Selection in Relation to Sex, Volume I" by Charles Darwin is one of the foundational works in the field of evolutionary biology. In its pages, the author considers the evolutionary origin and evolutionary processes of man, paying special attention to the role of selection in the formation of species. Darwin analyzes the influence of sex on natural selection and the diversity of traits in different species. Through the prism of his research and arguments, the author paints for readers a picture of the evolutionary development of the human species and natural selection. The book not only advances the critical thinking of the reader, but also stimulates thinking about the origin and development of man in the context of natural laws.