"Terra Australis Incognita; or, The New Southern Discovery Containing the Fifth Part of the World" is a book by the Spanish navigator Pedro Fernandez de Queiroz, which is a valuable document about the discovery and exploration of the Southern Hemisphere in the 16th century. In this work, the author describes his travels, discoveries and observations on the way in search of new lands. The book contains important information about the geography, local inhabitants, flora and fauna of South America, Australia and nearby islands. "Terra Australis Incognita" is not only a document of historical discoveries, but also a fascinating testimony of human inquisitiveness and inquisitiveness in search of the unknown.