The manual provides a description of the institution of medical confidentiality based on an analysis of Russian legislation and law enforcement practice, taking into account the principles and norms of international law, as well as the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. A detailed analysis is given of the concept and content of medical confidentiality, the rules for providing information constituting medical confidentiality with the consent of a citizen, as well as the grounds and procedure for providing such information without the consent of a citizen. Problems associated with conflicts of norms, as well as issues of disciplinary, administrative, civil and criminal liability for disclosure of medical confidentiality are considered. The manual is prepared in the form of questions and answers. Intended for doctors - health care organizers, clinicians, experts; lawyers - scientists and practitioners (legal advisers of medical institutions, lawyers, law enforcement officials, judges); specialists in the field of medical law, students, graduate students and university teachers, patients and their representatives, as well as a wide range of readers.